RESEARCH

Society for Evidence Based Gender Medicine, “Sweden’s Karolinska Ends All Use of Puberty Blockers and Cross-Sex Hormones for Minors Outside of Clinical Studies,” May 5, 2021, https://segm.org/Sweden_ends_use_of_Dutch_protocol

Society for Evidence Based Gender Medicine, “Summary of Key Recommendations from the Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare,” February 27, 2022, https://segm.org/segm-summary-sweden-prioritizes-therapy-curbs-hormones-for-gender-dysphoric-youth

Hilary Cass, “The Cass Review: Independent review of gender identity services for children and young people,” April 2024, https://cass.independent-review.uk/home/publications/final-report/ 

NHS England, “Interim Specialist Service for Children and Young People with Gender Incongruence,” June 9, 2023, https://www.england.nhs.uk/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/Interim-service-specification-for-Specialist-Gender-Incongruence-Services-for-Children-and-Young-People.pdf

French National Academy of Medicine, “Medicine and Gender Transidentity in Children and Adolescents,” February 25, 2022, https://www.academie-medecine.fr/la-medecine-face-a-la-transidentite-de-genre-chez-les-enfants-et-les-adolescents/?lang=en

Talal Alzahrani et al., “Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors and Myocardial Infarction in the Transgender Population,” Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes 12, no. 4 (April 2019): e005597, https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCOUTCOMES.119.005597

Michael S. Irwig, “Cardiovascular Health in Transgender People,” Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders 19, no. 3 (September 1, 2018): 243–51, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11154-018-9454-3

Stephen M. Rosenthal, “Challenges in the Care of Transgender and Gender-Diverse Youth: An Endocrinologist’s View,” Nature Reviews Endocrinology 17, no. 10 (October 2021): 581–91, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41574-021-00535-9

Silvano Bertelloni et al., “Final Height, Gonadal Function and Bone Mineral Density of Adolescent Males with Central Precocious Puberty after Therapy with Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Analogues,” European Journal of Pediatrics 159, no. 5 (April 1, 2000): 369–74, https://doi.org/10.1007/s004310051289

Ana Antun et al., “Longitudinal Changes in Hematologic Parameters Among Transgender People Receiving Hormone Therapy,” Journal of the Endocrine Society 4, no. 11 (November 1, 2020): bvaa119, https://doi.org/10.1210/jendso/bvaa119

Hayley Braun et al., “Moderate-to-Severe Acne and Mental Health Symptoms in Transmasculine Persons Who Have Received Testosterone,” JAMA Dermatology 157, no. 3 (March 1, 2021): 344–46, https://doi.org/10.1001/jamadermatol.2020.5353

Mauro E. Kerckhof et al., “Prevalence of Sexual Dysfunctions in Transgender Persons: Results from the ENIGI Follow-Up Study,” The Journal of Sexual Medicine 16, no. 12 (December 1, 2019): 2018–29, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsxm.2019.09.003

Spyridoula Maraka et al., “Sex Steroids and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Transgender Individuals: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis,” The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 102, no. 11 (November 1, 2017): 3914–23, https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2017-01643

M. Kyinn et al., “Weight Gain and Obesity Rates in Transgender and Gender-Diverse Adults before and during Hormone Therapy,” International Journal of Obesity 45, no. 12 (December 2021): 2562–69, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41366-021-00935-x

Sebastian E E Schagen et al., “Bone Development in Transgender Adolescents Treated With GnRH Analogues and Subsequent Gender-Affirming Hormones,” The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 105, no. 12 (December 1, 2020): e4252–63, https://doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgaa604

Daniel Klink et al., “Bone Mass in Young Adulthood Following Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Analog Treatment and Cross-Sex Hormone Treatment in Adolescents With Gender Dysphoria,” The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 100, no. 2 (February 1, 2015): E270–75, https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2014-2439

Magdalena Dobrolińska et al., “Bone Mineral Density in Transgender Individuals After Gonadectomy and Long-Term Gender-Affirming Hormonal Treatment,” The Journal of Sexual Medicine 16, no. 9 (September 1, 2019): 1469–77, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsxm.2019.06.006

Darios Getahun et al., “Cross-Sex Hormones and Acute Cardiovascular Events in Transgender Persons,” Annals of Internal Medicine 169, no. 4 (August 21, 2018): 205–13, https://doi.org/10.7326/M17-2785

Mariska C. Vlot et al., “Effect of Pubertal Suppression and Cross-Sex Hormone Therapy on Bone Turnover Markers and Bone Mineral Apparent Density (BMAD) in Transgender Adolescents,” Bone 95 (February 1, 2017): 11–19, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bone.2016.11.008

Iris E. Stoffers, Martine C. de Vries, and Sabine E. Hannema, “Physical Changes, Laboratory Parameters, and Bone Mineral Density During Testosterone Treatment in Adolescents with Gender Dysphoria,” The Journal of Sexual Medicine 16, no. 9 (September 1, 2019): 1459–68, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsxm.2019.06.014

Michael Biggs, “Revisiting the Effect of GnRH Analogue Treatment on Bone Mineral Density in Young Adolescents with Gender Dysphoria,” Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism 34, no. 7 (July 1, 2021): 937–39, https://doi.org/10.1515/jpem-2021-0180

Rafael Delgado-Ruiz, Patricia Swanson, and Georgios Romanos, “Systematic Review of the Long-Term Effects of Transgender Hormone Therapy on Bone Markers and Bone Mineral Density and Their Potential Effects in Implant Therapy,” Journal of Clinical Medicine 8, no. 6 (June 2019): 784, https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm8060784

Tobin Joseph, Joanna Ting, and Gary Butler, “The Effect of GnRH Analogue Treatment on Bone Mineral Density in Young Adolescents with Gender Dysphoria: Findings from a Large National Cohort,” Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism 32, no. 10 (October 1, 2019): 1077–81, https://doi.org/10.1515/jpem-2019-0046

Kyinn et al., “Weight Gain and Obesity Rates in Transgender and Gender-Diverse Adults before and during Hormone Therapy”; Noreen Islam et al., “Is There a Link Between Hormone Use and Diabetes Incidence in Transgender People? Data From the STRONG Cohort,” The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 107, no. 4 (April 1, 2022): e1549–57, https://doi.org/10.1210/clinem/dgab832

Barnes, Hannah. Time to Think: The Inside Story of the Collapse of the Tavistock’s Gender Service for Children. Great Britain: Swift Press, 2023.

Jamie Reed, “I Thought I Was Saving Trans Kids. Now I’m Blowing the Whistle.,” The Free Press, February 9, 2023, https://www.thefp.com/p/i-thought-i-was-saving-trans-kids

Joost à Campo, et al., “Psychiatric Comorbidity of Gender Identity Disorders: A Survey Among Dutch Psychiatrists” The American Journal of Psychiatry (July 2003)

U. Hepp, et al., “Psychiatric comorbidity in gender identity disorder” Journal of Psychosomatic Research, (March 2005)

Michael Smith, “Referrals to the Gender Identity Development Service (GIDS) Level off in 2018-19,” June 28, 2019, http://tavistockandportman.nhs.uk/about-us/news/stories/referrals-gender-identity-development-service-gids-level-2018-19/

Chad Terhune, Robin Respaut, and Michelle Conlin, “As Children Line up at Gender Clinics, Families Confront Many Unknowns,” Reuters, October 6, 2022, https://www.reuters.com/investigates/special-report/usa-transyouth-care/

Canadian Gender Report, “10x Growth in Referrals to Gender Clinics in Canada and Our ‘Consent’ Based Model,” Canadian Gender Report (blog), May 18, 2021, https://genderreport.ca/10x-growth-in-referrals-to-gender-clinics-in-canada-and-our-consent-based-model/

Littman, Lisa. “Individuals Treated for Gender Dysphoria with Medical and/or Surgical Transition Who Subsequently Detransitioned: A Survey of 100 Detransitioners.” Archives of Sexual Behavior 50, no. 8 (November 1, 2021): 3353–69. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-021-02163-w

Shrier, Abigail. Irreversible Damage. New Jersey: Regnery Publishing, 2020.